Antiracism: An Introduction by Alex Zamalin

Author:Alex Zamalin
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: POL000000 Political Science / General, Political Science, General, Social Science, Civil Rights, Sociology
Publisher: NYU Press
Published: 2019-03-19T00:00:00+00:00

The Long Civil Rights Movement

Black labor radicalism left a mark less through its concrete legislative gains and more through what it inspired in the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Activists such as Randolph—who was, tellingly, one of the keynote speakers at the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom—finally took its ideas to a national audience. The civil rights movement was also a culmination of twenty years of black political activity—after black World War II veterans in the postwar period who fought fascism abroad in the name of democracy returned home to segregation.

Undeniably, the civil rights movement formed the apogee of antiracist struggle in the US. It was, as some people have aptly called it, the “second reconstruction.”29 It had four main ideological factions—black nonviolent integration led by King and Bayard Rustin and the SCLC; black nationalism led by Malcolm X; Marxist-oriented and internationalist-focused black power led by young radicals such as Stokely Carmichael, Huey Newton, and Elaine Brown in urban black areas; and popular democratic struggles in the rural South led by Ella Baker and the students associated with SNCC. Each had different tactics, but together they responded to the postwar moment.30 New political coalitions formed and pragmatic strategy shifts materialized precisely as old regimes such as the New Deal political coalition were crumbling, new social liberation movements especially in the late to mid-1960s were forming, and the meaning of black equality was changing at breakneck speed.31

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